Compound profile

Melanotan-1

Alpha-MSH analog (afamelanotide)

A synthetic alpha-MSH analog with a split identity: an FDA-approved implant for a rare light-sensitivity disorder, and a separate unapproved gray-market tanning peptide.

Reviewed for accuracy · Last reviewed July 8, 2026
ClassAlpha-MSH analog · MC1-R agonist
Approved productSCENESSE implant (afamelanotide)
Approved routeSubcutaneous implant, clinician-placed
Approved indicationErythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)

Overview

Melanotan-1 is the gray-market name for afamelanotide, a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that acts on the melanocortin-1 receptor to raise eumelanin in the skin. Its regulatory status is unusual and worth stating plainly. As the branded implant SCENESSE (Clinuvel), afamelanotide is FDA-approved (2019) and EMA-approved to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with a history of phototoxic reactions from erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a rare and painful light-sensitivity disorder.

Separately, the same molecule is sold through unregulated "research" channels as an injectable tanning peptide. That tanning use is not approved by any regulator, and the figures circulated for it are anecdotal rather than label-based. Note also that Melanotan-1 is not the same as Melanotan II, a different and more potent melanocortin analog. This page describes what the approved product does and flags where tanning use departs from any evidence base.

Dosing

The only regulated dosing is the approved SCENESSE implant: a single 16 mg afamelanotide implant placed subcutaneously by a clinician every 2 months. Injectable dosing for tanning is unregulated and anecdotal.

Read the full Melanotan-1 dosage guide →

Side effects

In the EPP trials and label, common effects included implant-site reactions, nausea, headache, and skin darkening. Melanocortin agents can also darken moles, so skin monitoring is advised.

Read the full Melanotan-1 side effects guide →

Storage

The approved implant is stored and handled by the administering clinic, not the patient. For any unregulated injectable product, storage claims are unverified. See the full storage & safety guide for general handling and disposal basics.

FAQ

Is Melanotan-1 approved?The afamelanotide implant SCENESSE is FDA- and EMA-approved, but only to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria. Injectable use for tanning is not approved.
Is Melanotan-1 the same as Melanotan II?No. Melanotan-1 is afamelanotide, an alpha-MSH analog. Melanotan II is a different, more potent melanocortin analog. They should not be treated as interchangeable.
Does it affect moles?Melanocortin agonists can darken pre-existing moles and freckles. The approved label recommends a full-body skin exam twice a year to monitor pigmented lesions.

References

  1. Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic ProtoporphyriaNew England Journal of Medicine · 2015 · PMID 26132941 · DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1411481
  2. SCENESSE (afamelanotide) implant: DailyMed labelDailyMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) · current · DailyMed setid 94f53286-11dd-7fbb-e053-2a95a90a7c48
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This page is an independent educational reference and is not medical advice. The approval described applies only to the SCENESSE implant for erythropoietic protoporphyria, not to tanning use. Talk to a doctor before starting any compound.