Compound profile

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial peptide

A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for metabolic regulation and exercise capacity, mostly in animal models, with very limited human data so far.

Reviewed for accuracy · Last reviewed July 7, 2026
ClassMitochondrial-derived peptide
RouteSubcutaneous injection
Common research range5 – 10 mg, 1–3x weekly
StorageRefrigerated, ~4 weeks once mixed

Overview

MOTS-c is a short peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell nucleus, one of a small group of so-called mitochondrial-derived peptides. It's studied for its role in metabolic regulation and, in animal work, for exercise capacity and how cells handle energy under stress.

The important caveat is that almost all of this evidence comes from cell and animal models. Human data is very limited, so specific claims about what MOTS-c does in people should be treated as preliminary rather than established.

Dosing

There is no established human dosing guideline. Community protocols cite 5 – 10 mg subcutaneously one to three times weekly, extrapolated from preclinical work rather than human trials.

Read the full MOTS-c dosage guide →

Side effects

Side-effect reporting is sparse because adequately powered human trials of exogenous MOTS-c do not exist. Reported effects are mostly local, such as injection-site irritation, with the honest caveat that its human safety profile is not established.

Read the full MOTS-c side effects guide →

Storage

Keep unmixed vials refrigerated and away from light. Once reconstituted, most research reports store it refrigerated for roughly 4 weeks. See the full storage & safety guide for handling and disposal basics.

FAQ

Is there human research on MOTS-c?Most of the published work is in cells and animal models. Human data is very limited, so its effects in people aren't well established and side-effect reporting overall is sparse.
What is a mitochondrial-derived peptide?It's a peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA rather than the cell's nucleus. MOTS-c is one of the more studied examples, though the field is still young.
How often is MOTS-c dosed?Community protocols commonly cite one to three subcutaneous injections a week, but these figures come from preclinical extrapolation rather than human dosing trials.

References

  1. The Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistanceCell Metabolism · 2015 · PMID 25738459 · DOI 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009
  2. MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolismFree Radical Biology and Medicine · 2016 · PMID 27216708 · DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.015
  3. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and agingJournal of Translational Medicine · 2023 · PMID 36670507 · DOI 10.1186/s12967-023-03885-2
  4. The correlation between mitochondrial derived peptide (MDP) and metabolic states: a systematic review and meta-analysisDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · 2024 · PMID 39160573 · DOI 10.1186/s13098-024-01405-w
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This page is an independent educational reference and is not medical advice. Talk to a doctor before starting any compound.